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Objective To evaluate the prevalence of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate immunosuppression to the progression of cancer. MethodsPeripheral blood and tumor tissues were collected from 20 patients with NSCLC at the time of surgery. None of the patients received surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other medical interventions before this study. Cancer stages of the patients were Ⅰ-ⅢA. Venous blood samples were obtained from 20 health donors. PBMC were isolated from blood samples by differential centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque. TILs were isolated from tumors by differential centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque and Percoll. Percentage of CD4+CD25highTr/CD4+T in PBMC and TIL was assessed by the flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD4+CD25highTr/CD4+T in PBMC [(4.87±1.22)%] of NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy donors [(2.36±0.72)%] (P