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女性生殖道黏膜免疫系统作为生殖道局部和外界环境之间的第一道保护屏障,在抗性传播病原菌感染以及保护同种异体胚胎发育过程中发挥着举足轻重的免疫作用。由于长时间周期性的暴露于性激素,并受性激素的影响,女性生殖道黏膜免疫系统相较于胃肠道、呼吸道等黏膜免疫系统更加精细和复杂。雌孕激素可直接或间接地精确调控生殖道上皮细胞、免疫细胞以及细胞因子等,以维持黏膜局部免疫防御和免疫耐受的动态平衡。周期性的激素水平差异调控保护性免疫的同时,也可能增加性传播病原菌易感性,形成性传播感染易感性时间窗。本文旨在从多角度阐述雌孕激素对女性生殖道黏膜免疫的调控机制。
The female reproductive tract mucosal immune system serves as the first protective barrier between the local and external environment of the genital tract and plays a pivotal role in immunization against pathogenic infection and protection of allogenic embryos. Due to prolonged periodic exposure to sex hormones, and the impact of sex hormones, the female reproductive tract mucosal immune system compared to the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and other mucosal immune system more sophisticated and complex. Estrogen and progesterone can directly or indirectly regulate reproductive tract epithelial cells, immune cells and cytokines, etc., in order to maintain the dynamic balance of mucosal local immune defense and immune tolerance. Cyclical hormonal differences in the regulation of protective immunity, but also may increase the susceptibility of sexually transmitted pathogens, the formation of sexually transmitted infections susceptibility time window. This article aims to explain the regulatory mechanism of estrogen and progesterone on female reproductive tract mucosal immunity from multiple perspectives.