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文章利用1998-2007年中国工业企业数据库和市场化指数研究市场化对淘汰落后产能效率的促进作用。研究发现:(1)市场化水平显著提高了行业总体的进入率,但降低了行业总体的退出率。市场化水平对企业退出行为的影响具有异质性,降低了高生产率企业退出的概率,提高了低生产率企业退出的概率;(2)市场化水平与退出企业相对于存续企业的生产率水平成正比,提高了企业生存的生产率门槛,从而提高了淘汰落后产能的效率;(3)过度干预经济造成的扭曲、国有企业的退出壁垒和退出障碍、法制环境不完善是市场化水平不足导致落后产能问题加剧的制度原因;(4)政府失灵的原因在于“保就业”和“保GDP”等动机对资源配置的扭曲。提高淘汰落后产能效率,应该通过减少对企业尤其是国有企业的政策干预,化解高生产率企业的融资难问题等方式,充分发挥市场中企业甄别和淘汰机制的作用。
The article uses the 1998-2007 China Industrial Enterprise Database and the Marketization Index to study the promotion effect of marketization on the elimination of backward production capacity and efficiency. The findings are as follows: (1) The marketization level significantly increased the overall industry entry rate, but reduced the industry exit rate overall. The impact of marketization on the exit behavior of enterprises is heterogeneous, reducing the probability of exit from high-productivity enterprises and increasing the probability of low-productivity exit; (2) The level of marketization is directly proportional to the level of productivity of exiting firms relative to that of surviving firms , Raising the threshold of productivity for survival of enterprises and improving the efficiency of eliminating backward production capacity; (3) distortions caused by over-intervention in economy, exit barriers and exit barriers of state-owned enterprises and imperfect legal environment are problems of backward production capacity due to lack of marketability (4) The reasons for the government failure lie in distorting the allocation of resources such as “employment guarantee” and “securing GDP”. To improve the efficiency of eliminating backward production capacity, we should give full play to the role of enterprise screening and elimination mechanisms in the market by reducing the policy intervention on enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises, and resolving the financing difficulties of high-productivity enterprises.