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农民工培训覆盖的人群具备什么特征,未参与培训者的特点如何?二者的比例、构成如何在农民工培训政策的实施过程中体现?基于来自全国29个省市地区的1 652名新生代农民工参与政府培训的调查数据,从政策执行视角下描摹农民工培训政策运行的内部图景,发现中央层次的政府政策执行者以全部农民工为政策目标群体,地方层次政策执行者运用负面性社会建构与选择性执行策略,培训未覆盖到大多数相对弱势新生代农民工,这加剧了新生代农民工内部的培训机会不平等和分化,不利于这一群体的教育公平和社会稳定。要改善农民工培训政策的瞄准效果,应更加清晰界定新生代培训的目标群体,提升政策执行水平,发展面向青年的社会组织,调整培训工作重点,并在全社会大力营造认可、重视技能人才的社会氛围。
What are the characteristics of the population covered by migrant workers training and the characteristics of the non-trained trainees? How the proportion and composition of the two are reflected in the implementation of migrant workers training policy? Based on the 1 652 Cenozoic generations from 29 provinces and municipalities in China Migrant workers participate in the government training survey data from the perspective of the implementation of the policy implementation of migrant workers training policies to run the internal picture and found that the central level of government policy practitioners to all migrant workers as policy target groups and local level policy implementers to use negative social Construction and selective implementation of strategies and training not covered most of the relatively weak new-generation migrant workers exacerbate the unequal and differentiated training opportunities for new generation migrant workers, which is detrimental to the education fairness and social stability of this group. To improve the targeting effect of training policies for migrant workers, the targets groups of the new generation training should be more clearly defined, the level of policy implementation should be enhanced, the social organizations oriented to youth should be developed, the training priorities should be adjusted, and the recognition and emphasis on skilled personnel Social atmosphere.