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目的描述学校水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征,分析其暴发原因,采取措施控制疫情蔓延。方法对学校暴发水痘进行诊断和流行病学调查分析,并对疫情暴发原因进行流行病学分析;采取针对性的防控措施控制疫情。结果发生的18例水痘病例分布于3个年级,发病时间为5月27日～6月3日;指示病例与后发病例存有流行病学接触史;所有病例均无水痘疫苗接种史。通过采取隔离治疗病例、易感人群预防接种、健康教育等综合性防控措施,疫情持续8d,无后续病例发生,疫情得到控制。结论疫情的及时发现报告、隔离治疗病人、通风消毒、预防接种、健康教育对水痘疫情的控制有重要作用。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of school chickenpox outbreak, analyze the causes of outbreak and take measures to control the spread of the outbreak. Methods The diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of chickenpox in school were made. The epidemiological analysis of the cause of the outbreak was conducted. The epidemic situation was controlled by targeted prevention and control measures. Results The 18 cases of chickenpox were distributed in 3 grades, the onset time was from May 27 to June 3, and there was epidemiological exposure history between the indicated cases and the later cases. All the cases had no history of chickenpox vaccination. By adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures such as isolation of treatment cases, vaccination of susceptible populations and health education, the outbreak persisted for 8 days, and no follow-up cases occurred and the epidemic was under control. Conclusion The report of timely detection of the outbreak, isolation and treatment of patients, ventilation and disinfection, vaccination and health education play an important role in controlling the epidemic of chickenpox.