0 引言随着我国科学技术的发展及国际交流的增进,自1985年以来,常用金属材料的国家标准有了许多变化,不仅修改了旧标准,而且还制订了许多新标准,使之逐步向 ISO 国际标准靠近。但由于种种原因,目前接触到的设计手册和教科书引用的还多是旧标准,难以 0 Introduction With the development of science and technology in our country and the enhancement of international exchange, since 1985, there have been many changes in the national standards of commonly used metallic materials. Not only the old standards have been revised, but many new standards have been formulated to make them progressively to ISO International standards are close by. However, due to various reasons, the current exposure to the design manuals and textbooks cited are more than the old standard, it is difficult