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初中语文第五册《论证》一文中说:“论证要严密,要遵守归纳、推理的逻辑方法,努力把论点和论据间的联系交代清楚。”从逻辑角度看,这句话有三个毛病:(1)属种关系的概念并列。“归纳”是“推理”的一种,它们之间的关系是属种关系。属种关系的概念一般是不能并列的,如“钢笔”和“文具”是属种关系,它们就不能并列。而这句话中却将“归纳”和“推理”这两个具有属种关系的概念并列了,这显然是不恰当的。(2)误将“推理”当成“逻辑方
In the article “The Argumentation” in the fifth volume of the junior middle school language, “The argument must be strict. We must follow the logical methods of induction and reasoning. We must strive to clarify the connection between arguments and arguments.” From a logical perspective, there are three problems with this sentence: (1) The concept of genera relations is tied. “Induction” is a kind of “reasoning”, and the relationship between them is a kind of relationship. The concept of genera relations is generally not parallelizable. For example, “pen” and “stationery” are genera relations, and they cannot be juxtaposed. In this sentence, the concept of “generalization” and “reasoning”, which are all related to each other, is juxtaposed. This is obviously inappropriate. (2) Misunderstand “inference” as "logical