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森林在区域和全球碳循环中起着关键作用,研究森林碳循环各分量的变化对估算区域碳收支和制定应对气候变化的森林管理政策有重要意义。本文从中国、东亚区域及全球尺度就森林碳源汇特征及其机制的最新研究进展进行评述。近30年来我国森林生物量碳汇1896Tg C(Tg C=1012g C),年均增加70.2Tg C/yr。最近10年,森林碳循环的所有组分(生物量碳、凋落物碳、木质残体及土壤有机碳)均表现为明显的碳汇,年总碳汇186.7Tg C/yr。在东亚区域尺度,对1970s—2000s森林林分的碳储量及其碳源汇变化的研究表明,东亚森林整体为显著的碳汇,但朝鲜和蒙古国为碳源;东亚地区的碳汇主要来自中国,其次是日本。中国森林碳汇增加主要源自人工林面积增加的贡献,而日本和韩国则主要来自于森林的再生长。在全球尺度,对不同气候带森林生态系统碳收支全组分碳储量及其变化的分析揭示,全球森林是一个显著的碳汇。在过去的近20年里,全球森林每年固定约4.0Pg C,相当于抵消了同期化石燃料碳排放的一半。
Forests play a key role in the regional and global carbon cycles and studying changes in the components of the forest carbon cycle is important for estimating regional carbon revenues and for developing forest management policies that address climate change. This article reviews the recent research progress on the characteristics and mechanisms of forest carbon sources from China, the East Asian region and the global scale. In recent 30 years, China’s forest biomass carbon sequestration 1896Tg C (Tg C = 1012g C), an average annual increase of 70.2Tg C / yr. In the recent 10 years, all the components of the forest carbon cycle (biomass carbon, litter carbon, wood residues and soil organic carbon) showed obvious carbon sinks with a total annual carbon sink of 186.7Tg C / yr. At the East Asian regional scale, studies on the carbon stocks and their carbon sinks and sinks in the forest of the 1970s-2000s show that the East Asian forests as a whole are significant carbon sinks, but North Korea and Mongolia are carbon sources; the carbon sinks in East Asia mainly come from China, followed by Japan. The increase of forest carbon sinks in China mainly comes from the contribution of plantation area increase, while Japan and South Korea mainly come from the regrowth of forests. At the global scale, the analysis of the carbon stocks and their changes in the carbon budget of forest ecosystems in different climatic zones reveals that the global forest is a significant carbon sink. In the past 20 years or so, the global forest has fixed about 4.0pg C per year, which is equivalent to offsetting half of the carbon emissions of fossil fuels in the same period.