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清末乡村社会长期动荡,天灾人祸屡现。处境窘困的乡民时常面临生死抉择,群体危机日渐严重,社会心理失衡,他们以侵犯官绅富户、抗粮抗捐、打、砸、抢、烧等越轨行为以求解脱和宣泄。由于不断强化的挫折心理、生存危机心理、崇信谣言的心理、从众心理和英雄情结等群体心理因素的隐性作用,乡民们在合适的情境下就极可能选择集体行动。辛亥革命前十年间,此伏彼起的群体性事件在一定程度上是乡民猜疑、恐惧、期盼、失落、愤懑等群体心理情感的外化。
Long-term turmoil in rural society in the late Qing Dynasty, natural disasters recurring. In times of crisis, the villagers often face choices in life and death. The group crisis is getting worse and the social psychology is imbalanced. They seek to extricate themselves from the deviant behaviors of the rich families, rich peasants, resistance to food, fighting, smashing, robbing and burning. Due to the tightening effect of frustrated psychology, survival crisis psychology, the rumor of Chongxin rumor, herd mentality and heroes’ complex psychology, the villagers are most likely to choose collective action under appropriate circumstances. In the first decade of the 1911 Revolution, the mass incidents of this volition were to a certain extent externalized by the masses’ psychological feelings such as suspicion, fear, hope, loss and resentment.