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目的：为提高早产儿抗病能力，降低发病率，早产母乳（初乳）的免疫球蛋白及补体含量水平应予以研究。方法：应用单向扩散法和双缩脲法分别测定30例早产产妇初乳和30例足月产产妇初乳中免疫球蛋白sIgA、IgA、IgG、IgM、补体C3、C4和蛋白含量。结果：1．早产初乳较足月产初乳含有更丰富的免疫球蛋白及补体，有利于提高早产儿的抗病能力；2．早产初乳较足月产初乳含更丰富的蛋白，以满足早产儿生长发育需要；3．早产组随孕周增长，免疫球蛋白及补体量却下降。结论：早产儿死亡率高，早产儿合理喂养至关重要。早产初乳较足月产初乳合更多蛋白，应哺自身母乳，以满足新生儿生理病理需要；母乳库应将收集到的足月产与早产母乳分别贮存，以适应各种不同情况的需要。
OBJECTIVE: To improve the disease resistance and reduce the morbidity of premature infants, the levels of immunoglobulins and complement in preterm labor (colostrum) should be studied. Methods: Immunoglobulin sIgA, IgA, IgG, IgM, complement C3, C4 and protein in 30 cases of preterm primipara and 30 cases of full term mothers colostrum were measured by unidirectional diffusion and biuret method respectively. Results: 1. Premature colostrum than full-term colostrum contains more abundant immunoglobulin and complement, help to improve the resistance of premature children; 2. Premature colostrum than full term colostrum contains more protein to meet the needs of the growth and development of premature children; Preterm birth with gestational age increased, but the amount of immunoglobulin and complement decreased. Conclusion: Premature infant mortality is high, and proper feeding of premature infants is of crucial importance. Prostate colostrum than full-term colostrum and more protein should be breast-feeding their own to meet the physiological needs of neonatal needs; breast milk collection should be collected in full-term and pre-term breast milk were stored to adapt to different situations need.