从１８４０年鸦片战争到１９１１年辛亥革命这段时间的清王朝，人们习惯上称之为“晚清”。此时的清王朝面临着严重的内忧外患。为维护其摇摇欲坠的统治地位，晚清政府不惜动用大量军费以发展军事经济，特别是兴起了长达３０余年的洋务运动，但最终未能摆脱必然灭亡的历史命运 From the Opium War of 1840 to the 1911 Revolution of 1911 during the Qing dynasty, people used to call it the “late Qing”. Qing Dynasty at this time facing a serious internal and external problems. In order to maintain its dreadful dominance, the late Qing government did not hesitate to mobilize a large amount of military expenditures to develop the military economy, especially the Westernization Movement, which lasted for more than 30 years. However, it eventually failed to get rid of the historic fate of inevitable demise