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一、“代物清偿”的概念及使用条件 我国《民法通则》第84条规定:“债是按照合同的约定或者依照法律的规定,在当事人之间产生的特定的权利和义务关系。……债权人有权要求债务人按照合同的约定或者依照法律的规定履行义务。”该规定体现了债的全面、实际履行原则,即要求债务人应严格按照合同约定的或者依照法律规定的债的标的全面履行自己所负的义务,不得用其它的物或金钱来代替。但是,当债的全面、实际履行在客观上已不可能,或者对债权人已无意义,或者在经济上很不合理时,则可以使用“代物清偿”的办法。 所谓“代物清偿”,又称“替代清偿”或“代物履行”,
I. Concept and Terms of Use of “Payment of Offices” China's Article 84 of the General Rules of Civil Law stipulates: “Debts are the specific rights and obligations that arise between the parties in accordance with the contract or in accordance with the law ...... Creditors Have the right to require the debtor to fulfill its obligations as stipulated in the contract or in accordance with the provisions of the law. ”This provision reflects the principle of full and actual implementation of the debt, requiring the debtor to strictly fulfill its obligations as stipulated in the contract or in accordance with the provisions of the law Negative obligations must not be replaced by other things or money. However, when the full and actual performance of the debt is objectively impossible, meaningless to the creditor, or economically unjustifiable, the “payment of the substitutes” can be used. The so-called “behalf of the liquidation”, also known as “alternative liquidation” or “Substitute performance”