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垃圾是尽人皆知的废料。随着城市人口密度的增大和生活水平的提高,垃圾的排放量日趋增多。垃圾的处理已成为环境保护和废渣利用的一个不可忽视的问题。联邦德国的经验表明,垃圾破碎后作为内燃料和造孔料掺人粘土中,用来生产砖和轻质混凝土的骨料,在技术经济上都是可行的。掺用了垃圾的粘土砖具有重量轻、隔热性能好的优点;同时可节约优质燃料,降低成本,并可解决城市垃圾的占地问题。一般说来,垃圾中有60%的干物质,其中50%是可燃的。联邦德国的城市垃圾是指居民家庭垃圾,主要是各种日用品、食品包装废纸、废塑料制品、废旧玻璃制品以及煤渣、果皮等,其化学成分是:
Rubbish is a well-known waste. As urban population density increases and living standards increase, the amount of waste discharged is increasing. The disposal of garbage has become a non-negligible issue in the use of environmental protection and waste slag. The experience of the Federal Republic of Germany shows that the use of aggregates in clay as a fuel and pore-forming material after the crushing of refuse is feasible technically and economically for the production of aggregates for bricks and lightweight concrete. The clay bricks mixed with garbage have the advantages of light weight and good heat insulation performance; at the same time, they can save high-quality fuel, reduce costs, and solve the problem of land occupation for urban garbage. In general, there is 60% dry matter in the waste, of which 50% is flammable. The municipal wastes of the Federal Republic of Germany refer to household wastes, which are mainly various daily necessities, food packaging waste paper, waste plastic products, used glass products, coal cinders, peels, etc. The chemical composition is: