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长期以来,蘑菇与木腐菌类的栽培方式不同,蘑菇采用的是发酵后的生料开放式栽培,木腐菌类则主要是采取蒸汽灭菌的熟料栽培。木腐菌类熟料栽培的无菌要求比蘑菇的发酵料开放式栽培严格得多,但实际生产中前者的污染率却比后者高得多,搞清蘑菇发酵料开放式栽培抵御杂菌污染的机理,能为完善蘑菇生产措施,改进木腐菌类生产工艺提供理论依据。早在1983年以前就有人认为,蘑菇栽培中杂菌污染率低的原因是经过发酵的培养料具有只允许蘑菇菌丝旺盛生长的选择能力。对发酵料的这种选择能力形成的机理讫今尚未彻底弄清。本文试图根据现有的研究成果和笔者的实验结果,对发酵料选择性成因进行探讨。
For a long time, the cultivation methods of mushrooms and wood rot fungi are different. Mushrooms adopt the open cultivation of raw materials after fermentation, while the wood rot fungi mainly adopt the steam sterilization of clinker cultivation. The aseptic requirements of wood rot clinker cultivation is much more stringent than that of open mushroom cultivation. However, the pollution rate of the former is much higher than that of the latter. The mechanism of pollution can provide the theoretical basis for perfecting mushroom production measures and improving the production technology of wood rot fungi. As early as 1983, some people think that the reason for the low contamination rate of mushrooms in mushroom cultivation is that the fermented culture material has the selective ability of allowing mushroom mycelium to grow vigorously. The mechanism by which this choice of fermentative material is formed has not been completely elucidated yet. This article tries to discuss the selective genesis of the fermented material according to the existing research results and the author’s experimental results.