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本文主要讨论巴西的种族关系,分析巴西的成人文学和儿童文学是如何维持和更新“普洛斯佩罗情结”的。本文的论述基于一个假设,即主要的挑战在于对文学、儿童图书和课本中超越了单一故事同质性的叙事进行定位,单一故事的基础是:白人成为人类的“天然”代表,将“他者”视为“离经叛道者”。最终的挑战在于使白人等级霸权让位于多元话语。巴西文学中的种族等级根深蒂固,传播广泛。关于“作为文学对象的黑人”的研究指出,黑人人物寥寥无几,微不足道,往往被表现为低人一等的下里巴人。“黑人文学”具有丰富性,充满力量,但同时也是“边缘的”。在儿童文学中,情况也类似,白人占优势而黑人占劣势的等级形式仍然存在。作者还将探讨教学、文学生产及其他新的文学话语面临的需求。
This article mainly discusses the race relations in Brazil and analyzes how adult literature and children’s literature in Brazil maintain and update the “Prospero Complex”. The essay is based on the hypothesis that the main challenge lies in locating narratives that transcend the homogeneity of a single story in literature, children’s books, and textbooks. One single story is based on white people becoming “natural” representatives of humans, “Other” as “deviant”. The ultimate challenge is to make white class hegemony give way to multiple discourses. The racial hierarchy in Brazilian literature is deeply rooted and widespread. The study of “blacks as literary objects” pointed out that very few Negroes, insignificant, are often shown as inferior inferior people. “Black literature ” is rich, full of power, but also “marginal ”. In children’s literature, the situation is similar, with white hierarchies that predominate while blacks prevail. The author will also explore the needs of teaching, literary production, and other new literary discourses.