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一、前言 脉管制冷机具有结构简单、可靠性高等优点,作为高技术领域中光电传感器的冷源特别有吸引力。美国Gifford教授最早提出的基本型脉管制冷法,其单级制冷温度只达到124K。1983年,苏联Mikulin教授提出了小孔型脉管制冷法(参见图1实线部分),大大提高了制冷机的制冷能力。遗憾的是,小孔脉管制冷机中由于小孔和气库的加入,增加了一个不可逆损失源。文献[3]指出:对于一个效率为75％的压缩机来说,小孔脉管制冷机的比功率在80K时,约为100W/W,远大于同样情况下的斯特林制冷机,其比功率约为40W/W。所以提高脉管制冷机的效率是一个急待解决的问题。
I. Introduction The pulse tube refrigerator has the advantages of simple structure and high reliability, and is particularly attractive as a cold source of a photoelectric sensor in a high-tech field. The United States the first proposed by Professor Gifford basic pulse tube cooling method, the single-stage cooling temperature of only 124K. In 1983, Professor Mikulin from the Soviet Union proposed a small-hole pulse tube cooling method (see the solid line in Figure 1), greatly improving the cooling capacity of the refrigerator. Unfortunately, an irreversible loss source has been added to the pinhole refrigerator due to the addition of holes and gas reservoirs. Reference [3] points out that for a compressor with an efficiency of 75%, the specific power of a pinhole cryogenic refrigerator is about 100 W / W at 80 K, far greater than a Stirling freezer in the same situation, The specific power is about 40W / W. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of pulse tube refrigerator is an urgent issue to be solved.