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随着无线通信和数字电子技术的发展,由低成本、低功耗、多功能的无线传感器节点组成的无线传感网络得到迅速发展。无线传感网络是由很多无线传感器节点密集分布组成的,它具有以下特性:各传感器节点位置随机分布,具有自组织特性;各节点共同协作完成数据收集、路由任务,具有很好的协作特性。无线传感网络的这些特性使得它在医疗、环境监测、军事和智能家庭等领域有了广泛的应用。本文从介绍无线传感器网络的发展入手,分析了无线传感器的网络结构,节点结构,节点的限制,网络特点,在此基础上继续分析了无线传感器网络的路由协议以及现有的路由协议分类。
With the development of wireless communication and digital electronic technology, wireless sensor networks composed of low-cost, low-power and multi-functional wireless sensor nodes have been rapidly developed. Wireless sensor networks are densely distributed by many wireless sensor nodes. They have the following characteristics: Each sensor node is randomly distributed and has self-organizing characteristics; each node cooperates to complete data collection and routing tasks and has good cooperation features. These features of wireless sensor networks make it widely used in medical, environmental monitoring, military and smart home sectors. This paper starts with the development of wireless sensor networks, analyzes the network structure, node structure, node constraints and network characteristics of wireless sensor networks. Based on this, the routing protocols of wireless sensor networks and the classification of existing routing protocols are analyzed.