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目的分析万州区手足口病病原流行特征,为防控提供参考。方法采集2008年5月至2014年部分临床诊断病例标本检测病毒核酸,结合病例基本信息进行流行病学分析。结果共采样369例,阳性率81.3%;EV71占38.2%、CoxA16占33.2%、其它肠道病毒占28.6%。病例男女比1.4∶1;散居儿童占60.9%、托幼儿童占37.0%、小学生占2.2%;EV71、CoxA16感染在≤5岁比例较高,其它肠道病毒感染在0~2岁较高;优势病原2008—2010和2014年为EV71,2011—2012年为CoxA16,2013年为其它肠道病毒;重症病例EV71占80.0%;暴发疫情EV71、CoxA16各占50%。结论手足口病以≤5岁儿童为主,重症病例主要为EV71;EV71∶CoxA16∶其它肠道病毒流行时间约为3∶2∶1;不同病原在夏、冬发病高峰呈交替变化。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Wanzhou District and provide references for prevention and control. Methods The samples of some clinical diagnoses were collected from May 2008 to 2014 to detect the virus nucleic acid. The epidemiological analysis was made based on the basic information of cases. Results A total of 369 cases were sampled, with a positive rate of 81.3%. EV71 accounted for 38.2%, CoxA16 accounted for 33.2% and other enteroviruses accounted for 28.6%. The ratio of men to women was 1.4: 1. The number of diaspora was 60.9%, the number of children in kindergarten was 37.0% and that of primary school students was 2.2%. The rates of EV71 and CoxA16 infection were higher in patients ≤5 years old. Other enterovirus infections were higher in 0-2 years old. The predominant pathogens were EV71 in 2008-2010 and 2014, CoxA16 in 2011-2012, and even more infected with EV71 in critically ill cases; 80.0% of critically ill patients; and 50% of EV71 and CoxA16 in outbreaks of EV71. Conclusions Hand-foot-mouth disease is predominant in children ≤5 years of age, and severe cases are mainly EV71. EV71: CoxA16: The prevalence of other enteric viruses is about 3: 2:1. The peak of different pathogenic pathogens alternates in summer and winter.