近代山东,商人资本经历了三次大的向城市的移动和集中,形成了以沿海城市和内地开埠城市为中心的地域分布格局。处于新格局下的商人资本围绕着市场需求,依靠近代商路网络,在城市内部和城市之间组织参与长距离的土洋货贸易活动①。天津作为连接华北与海外的通商巨埠,也是山东商人 In modern Shandong, merchant capitals experienced three major movements and concentrations to the cities, forming a geographical distribution centering on the coastal cities and the port cities in the Mainland. In a new pattern, merchant capital revolves around the market demand and relies on the modern commercial network to organize and participate in long-distance foreign trade activities between cities and cities. As a giant port connecting North China with overseas, Tianjin is also a Shandong merchant