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由于粒子堆积膜的孔隙率有限,用聚合物乳液直接组装的纳米孔隙膜在膜厚和折射率的调节能力方面都受到限制,需要可以单独调控粒子膜孔隙率的手段.将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚苯乙烯(PS)的二元混合乳液在PMMA基板上旋涂,再用环己烷选择性溶去PS粒子得到了超低反射的纳米孔隙膜.改变混合乳液的组成可以调节多孔膜的空隙率,使多层纳米孔隙膜的有效折射率从1.36降低到1.07;调节旋涂速度和成膜乳液的浓度可以控制孔隙膜的厚度.在优化的条件下,在PMMA基板上制备的孔隙膜在波长585nm处的最低反射率仅0.03%、在450～800nm的可见光谱范围内的平均反射率低于0.4%.以本方法制备的纳米孔隙膜有较好的稳定性,在水中用超声波清洗30min后,膜的低反射性能几乎不变.
Due to the limited porosity of particle-deposited films, nanoporous films directly assembled with polymer emulsions are limited in their ability to adjust film thickness and refractive index, and require a means of individually controlling the porosity of the particle film. Polymethylmethacrylate A binary mixed emulsion of PMMA and PS was spin-coated on a PMMA substrate, and then PS particles were selectively dissolved by cyclohexane to obtain an ultra-low reflective nanoporous membrane. The composition of the mixed emulsion can be changed The porosity of the porous membrane is adjusted so that the effective refractive index of the multilayer nano-porous membrane is reduced from 1.36 to 1.07, and the thickness of the porous membrane can be controlled by adjusting the spin coating speed and the concentration of the film-forming emulsion. Under optimal conditions, The prepared porous film has the lowest reflectance of only 0.03% at the wavelength of 585 nm and the average reflectance of less than 0.4% in the visible spectrum of 450 to 800 nm. The nanoporous film prepared by the method has better stability, After the water was washed with ultrasonic for 30 minutes, the low-reflective properties of the film remained almost unchanged.