最近三十年间,通过岩石锚杆支护来控制岩层移动和防止地下开挖空间周围岩石冒落,已从怀疑阶段发展到几乎普遍采用了。锚杆支护原理当然不是新的,即使在十九世纪四十年代也是如此(关于岩石锚杆的首次使用,众说纷云),但涨壳式锚杆的采用、使水泥砂浆、聚合树脂锚固、以及测验已安装锚杆的可靠设备等方法均得到改进,这为扩大锚杆的使用范围增强了信心。岩石锚杆支护系统有两种主要类型:通常所称的“点状锚固”式锚杆和“全长锚固”式锚杆。第一类锚杆依靠一个有限长度的锚头,将锚杆固定在孔的端部。这种锚固方法可以利用一种机械装置(楔缝或涨壳)、一段聚合树脂或其它化学药品、或水泥砂 In the last three decades, the rock bolting has been controlled by rock bolting to prevent the rock from moving around the underground excavation and has risen from a suspicion stage to almost universal adoption. The principle of bolting is of course not new, even in the 1840s (for the first time, the use of rock bolts), but the use of up-shell anchors made cement mortar, polymeric resin anchors , As well as methods of testing reliable equipment with anchors installed, have all improved, adding confidence to expanding the use of anchors. Rock bolt support system has two main types: commonly known as “point anchor” type anchor and “full-length anchor” anchor. The first type of anchor relies on a finite length anchor head that holds the anchor rod at the end of the hole. This method of anchoring can utilize a mechanical device (wedge or riser), a length of polymeric resin or other chemical, or cement sand