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为了掌握荒漠绿洲区春小麦的耗水规律,建立高效节水型绿洲农业,通过田间观测试验,分析了6种不同灌溉定额下春小麦的土壤含水量、耗水量、土面蒸发量以及WUE的变化特征。结果显示,不同灌水定额下,春小麦全生育期耗水量的变化范围为450mm~650mm,其中春小麦的平均蒸腾耗水量为总耗水量的81%,而平均土面蒸发量为总耗水量的19%。拔节后期~抽穗前期是春小麦需水的第一关键期,灌浆后期~成熟期是次关键期。WUE随籽粒产量先增大后减小,二者之间呈二次曲线的关系。可见,过度灌溉不利于WUE的提高,造成水资源的浪费。
In order to grasp the law of water consumption of spring wheat in desert oasis area and establish a high-efficiency and water-saving oasis agriculture, the paper analyzed the soil moisture content, water consumption, soil surface evaporation and WUE variation characteristics of spring wheat under six different irrigation quotas through field observation and experiment . The results showed that under different irrigation quotas, the spring wheat water consumption during the whole growth period ranged from 450mm to 650mm, of which the average transpiration water consumption of spring wheat was 81% of the total water consumption while the average soil evaporation was 19% of the total water consumption . From the late jointing ~ pre-heading stage is the first critical period of spring wheat water requirement, and the late filling ~ mature stage is the second critical period. WUE increased with the grain yield first and then decreased, the relationship between the two was quadratic curve. Can be seen that excessive irrigation is not conducive to the improvement of WUE, resulting in waste of water resources.