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目的探讨住院婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)的危险因素及其防治策略。方法对2008年1月至2010年1月在本院住院、应用抗菌药物治疗的1450例婴幼儿进行回顾性分析。结果 85例住院婴幼儿发生AAD,发生率5.86%,AAD与患儿体重低、年龄小、应用≥2种抗菌药物、应用3代头孢霉素、应用抗菌药物时间长、白细胞升高、C反应蛋白升高、合并重要脏器损害、住院时间长有关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与性别、应用抗菌药物种类无关(P>0.05),预防性应用微生态制剂可以减少AAD(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻的发生率高,加强预防措施,尽量避免危险因素、合理应用抗菌药物、预防性应用微生态制剂是减少住院婴幼儿AAD的关键。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in hospitalized infants and its control strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis of 1,450 infants and young children hospitalized in our hospital from January 2008 to January 2010 with antibiotics was conducted. Results The incidence of AAD in 85 hospitalized infants and young children was 5.86%. AAD and children with low body weight, younger age, application of ≥2 kinds of antibiotics, application of 3 generations of cephalosporins, long duration of antimicrobial drugs, leukocytosis, C reaction (P <0.05 or P <0.01), but had no correlation with gender and application of antibacterial drugs (P> 0.05). Preventative application of probiotics could reduce AAD (P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants and young children is high, preventive measures are taken to avoid risk factors, rational use of antimicrobial agents and prophylactic use of probiotics are the key to reduce AAD in hospitalized infants.