在目前所见的主要心血管疾病中,风湿性心脏病或许是唯一可预防的。其预防方法主要是对一般人群链球菌感染的正确诊断和适当治疗,以及对有风湿热病史者作持续的抗链球菌预防。风湿热首次发作的预防:治疗链球菌感染能预防风湿热首次发作,在军队的成年人中已得到证实。因为风湿热潜在的威胁及其后果很严重,所以有链球菌感染的病人必须迅速接受适当的治疗。单靠临床不能作出链球菌感染的诊断,应取咽拭培养。如结果阴性可排除链球菌感染,如阳性可能表示活动性链球菌感染或为带菌状态并发病毒感染。因为在疾病的急性期区别上述两者是不可能的,所以凡有症状和咽拭培养阳性的病人均应给予治疗。预防风湿热主要是彻底消灭链球菌,青霉素的血浓度必须维持10天。可一次注射长效西林或口服10天药物以维持血浓度。对青霉素过敏者可服红霉素。很多链球菌族对四环素类有抗药性,故不宜用。磺胺类 Among the major cardiovascular diseases seen so far, rheumatic heart disease may be the only preventable one. The prevention method is mainly for the correct diagnosis of the general population of streptococcal infection and appropriate treatment, as well as the history of rheumatic fever for sustained anti-streptococcal prevention. Rheumatic fever first attack prevention: The treatment of streptococcal infection can prevent the first episode of rheumatic fever, has been confirmed in the military adults. Because of the potential threat of rheumatic fever and its consequences, patients with streptococcal infections must receive prompt and appropriate treatment. Clinically can not make the diagnosis of streptococcal infection alone, should be taken pharyngeal swab culture. If negative results can be ruled out streptococcal infection, such as positive may indicate that the activity of streptococcal infection or infection with the virus status. Because it is not possible to differentiate between these two in the acute phase of the disease, patients with symptoms and positive pharyngeal swab cultures should be treated. Prevention of rheumatic fever is the total elimination of Streptococcus, penicillin blood concentration must be maintained for 10 days. Long-term injection of Xilin or oral 10-day drug to maintain blood concentration. Penicillin allergy who can take erythromycin. Many streptococci are resistant to tetracyclines, it is not appropriate. Sulfonamides