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儿童结核病是一个严重的公共卫生问题。其临床表现缺乏特异性,痰含菌量少、标本采集困难等因素使儿童结核病诊断依然面临着巨大的挑战。儿童尤其是婴儿和5岁以下的潜伏性结核感染儿童,进展为活动性结核病的风险高,容易发生结核性脑膜炎、结核全身播散甚至死亡等严重情况。治疗儿童潜伏性结核感染的获益可能大于成人。只有关注儿童结核病的快速准确诊断、合理治疗,加大政府投入,才可能实现“儿童结核零死亡率”的愿景。
Tuberculosis in children is a serious public health problem. The lack of specificity of its clinical manifestations, sputum less bacteria, specimen collection and other factors make the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is still faced with enormous challenges. Children, especially infants and children under 5 years of latent tuberculosis infection, are at high risk of developing active tuberculosis and are at risk of developing serious conditions such as tuberculous meningitis, generalized tuberculosis or even death. The benefits of treating children with latent tuberculosis infection may be greater than those of adults. Only by paying attention to the rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, rational treatment and increasing government investment can we realize the vision of “zero mortality rate of children with tuberculosis”.