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戊戌时期,为挽救中国农业和扭转外贸逆差,有识之士提出了科技兴农思想。其主要观点有:创设农业机构,兴办农会,以主持农业改良;办农业教育、出版农学书刊,以传播农学知识;应用科学技术和新式农具、从事农业生产,以提高农业生产效率;采用新式机器、加工农产品,以改进土货质量;引进、推广良种,以提高农产品的数量和质量。上述主张推动了清廷农业上的革新,从而对近代中国农业的发展产生了积极的影响:推动了中国农业教育的勃兴和农学知识的传播;使一批外来物种得以在中国引进;促使中国农具开始向机械化、半机械化方向发展;推动了中国农业由经验农学向实验农学的转型。
During the Hundred Days, in order to save China’s agriculture and reverse the trade deficit, people of insight proposed the idea of developing agriculture by science and technology. Its main points of view are: to establish agricultural institutions and set up peasant associations to take charge of agricultural improvement; to run agricultural education; to publish agronomy books and magazines to disseminate agronomic knowledge; to apply agricultural science and technology and new agricultural tools to improve agricultural production efficiency; Machinery, processing of agricultural products, in order to improve the quality of soil products; introduction, promotion of improved varieties, in order to improve the quantity and quality of agricultural products. The above proposition promoted the agricultural reform in the Qing court and thus had a positive impact on the development of agriculture in modern China: the booming of agricultural education in China and the spread of agronomic knowledge; the introduction of a group of alien species in China; and the promotion of China’s farm tools Began to move towards mechanization and semi-mechanization; promoted the transformation of China’s agriculture from experimental agronomy to experimental agronomy.