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[目的]评价甜瓜种植区的根系土的生态地球化学特征和立地地球化学条件。研究河套地区土壤环境质量,为本地区密瓜种植提供科学依据。[方法]通过系统采集河套地区甜瓜主要种植区的根系土样品和犁底层样品并分析其中的重金属元素含量,通过与《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)对比,确定根系土中重金属元素是否符合国家标准。[结果]根系土中重金属元素在黄河退水区含量最高,盐土次之,栗褐土中最小。后套地区中上游灌淤土中有害元素As、Cd、Hg、F、Pb在地表表现为富集特征,垂直方向上具有一定的分带性;微量元素Cu、Zn,有益元素P、K2O、Ca O、Mg O、Se表现为贫化;在黄河退水区乌梁素海一带灌淤土中,有害元素As、Cd在地表根系土中表现为明显富集,其他元素贫化或接近背景值;在犁底层土壤中,无论是有益组分还是有害组分均呈富集特征。[结论]河套地区立地地球化学条件优秀,种植的甜瓜重金属元素符合国家食品卫生标准。
[Objective] The research aimed to evaluate the eco-geochemical characteristics and site geochemical conditions of root soil in melon planting area. Studying the soil environmental quality in Hetao area and providing a scientific basis for planting melon in this area. [Method] The root soil samples and plow samples in the main planting areas of melon in Hetao area were collected and analyzed for their contents of heavy metal elements. By comparison with “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB15618-1995), it was determined whether heavy metal elements in root soil In line with national standards. [Result] The content of heavy metal elements in root soil was the highest in the Yellow River retreat area, followed by the saline soil, and the lowest in the brown soil. As, Cd, Hg, F and Pb in the silting soil in the middle and upper reaches of the Hetao area are enriched on the surface and have zonation in the vertical direction. Trace elements Cu, Zn, beneficial elements P, K2O, CaO, MgO and Se showed depletion. In the silt soil of the Wuliangsuhai area, the harmful elements As and Cd were obviously enriched in the surface soils, while other elements were depleted or close to the background values. In the plow soil, both the beneficial components and the harmful components are enriched. [Conclusion] The geochemical conditions in Hetao area are excellent. The heavy metal elements of melon planted in line with the national food hygiene standard.