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胚胎干细胞是一种具有发育全能性的细胞系,理论上可分化成机体的各种组织细胞,包括生殖细胞。成体干细胞是一种多能干细胞,具有自我更新及多向分化潜能,甚至能打破胚层的界限,横向分化为其他胚层的特化组织细胞,理论上成体干细胞在一定条件下也可分化为生殖细胞。人类胚胎干细胞的研究虽然取得了突破性进展,由于诱导分化技术不成熟,存在免疫排斥、致瘤性和伦理问题等,近期难以用来治疗疾病。与胚胎干细胞相比,成体干细胞则可克服这些缺点,其应用前景日益被看好。由于生殖细胞是遗传物质的传递者,生殖细胞分化的研究具有深刻的科学意义。如果成体干细胞可向雄性生殖细胞分化,应用于临床,那将为治疗男性不育提供了一条新的治疗途径,潜能难以估量。现就胚胎干细胞及成体干细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化方面的研究进展作一综述。
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cell lines which in theory can differentiate into various tissue cells of the body, including germ cells. Adult stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that have the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. They can even break the boundaries of germ layers and differentiate into specialized tissue cells of other germ layers laterally. In theory, adult stem cells can also differentiate into germ cells under certain conditions . Despite breakthroughs in the research of human embryonic stem cells, there are immunological rejection, tumorigenicity and ethical problems due to the immature differentiation-inducing technology. However, it is hard to treat the disease recently. Compared with embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells can overcome these shortcomings, and its application prospect is increasingly favored. As germ cells are the delivery of genetic material, the study of germ cell differentiation has profound scientific significance. If adult stem cells can differentiate into male germ cells for clinical use, this will provide a new therapeutic approach to treating male infertility, with immeasurable potential. The research progresses on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells into male germ cells are reviewed.