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本文从认知语言学的角度出发,提出人与外部世界的互动就是建立意向图式的过程。基于意向图式,人们对词汇形成了范畴化的概念,并进而形成概念框架和语义系统,最终能够提取意义。范畴包括上义层次,基本层次和下义层次,范畴内部具有连贯性和辐射性的特点,其中心成员和边缘成员可以帮助理解一词多义现象。基于范畴化能力提出的理想化认知模型引出了隐喻映射的概念,这一原则可以运用在课堂教学中帮助学生真正掌握单词词义的全部范畴成员,减少死记硬背或乱用滥用的现象。
From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper proposes that the interaction between human beings and the outside world is the process of establishing intentions schema. Based on the intention schema, people form the concept of categorization for the vocabulary, and then form the conceptual framework and semantic system, which can eventually extract the meaning. Category includes the upper level, the basic level and the lower level, the category has the characteristics of coherence and radiation, the center members and marginal members can help understand the word polysemy. The idealized cognitive model based on categorization ability leads to the concept of metaphorical mapping. This principle can be used in classroom teaching to help students to truly grasp the full range of word meaning and reduce the phenomenon of rote memorization or indiscriminate abuse.