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目的:探讨农村糖尿病综合干预措施效果。方法:制定随访调查表,由医务人员对糖尿病患者进行健康教育、药物治疗和非药物干预,2年后开展中期评估,4年末期评估。资料使用Epidata3.0建立数据库,用SPSS13.0进行统计分析,显著性检验采用χ2检验。结果:农民糖尿病患病率为5.62%;糖尿病患者经过干预,规律药物治疗率由20.45%提高到79.07%;不服药者由37.50%下降到5.81%;不规律服药由42.05%下降到15.12%;吸烟、饮酒、常吃肉类、常吃腌制品等饮食习惯分别由28.41%、59.09%、40.91%、21.59%下降9.30%、26.74%、17.44%、8.14%;认为吸烟、饮酒、高脂饮食等是糖尿病危险因素的知晓率,分别由26.14%、35.23%、31.82%上升到90.70%、73.26%、82.56%;认为导致糖尿病是多因素的知晓率由29.55%上升到77.91%;认为老年人才会得糖尿病、只有胖子才得糖尿病,分别由21.59%、13.64%下降到2.33%、3.49%,以上各项指标干预前后的变化均有统计学意义。结论:对糖尿病患者进行以健康教育为主的综合防治干预,可以改善糖尿病患者治疗依从性,提高慢性病相关知识知晓率,有效改善不良生活习惯,是一项可推广的防控策略。
Objective: To explore the effect of comprehensive diabetes intervention in rural areas. Methods: To establish follow-up questionnaire, health education for diabetic patients by medical staff, medical treatment and non-drug intervention, mid-term evaluation after 2 years, 4-year final assessment. Data using Epidata3.0 database, SPSS13.0 statistical analysis, significant test using χ2 test. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in peasants was 5.62%. The intervention rate of diabetic patients increased from 20.45% to 79.07%, from 37.50% to 5.81%, from 42.05% to 15.12%, respectively. Smoking, drinking, eating meat, eating pickles and other eating habits decreased by 9.30%, 26.74%, 17.44% and 8.14% from 28.41%, 59.09%, 40.91% and 21.59% respectively; smoking, drinking, Diet, etc. were the risk factors of diabetes, which increased from 26.14%, 35.23% and 31.82% to 90.70%, 73.26% and 82.56% respectively. The awareness rate of multiple factors that led to diabetes increased from 29.55% to 77.91% Talents would get diabetes, and only fat people would get diabetes, which decreased from 21.59% and 13.64% to 2.33% and 3.49%, respectively. All the above indexes had statistical significance before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Comprehensive prevention and control intervention for patients with diabetes mellitus based on health education can improve treatment adherence of diabetes patients, improve awareness of chronic disease-related knowledge and effectively improve unhealthy living habits. It is a scalable prevention and control strategy.