Organoids are self-organizing in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures containing multiple types of cells. Com-pared to traditional two-dimensional (2D)cell culture systems, 3D organoids bet-ter replicate the architecture, complex-ity, and physiology of an organ (Figure 1). In addition, 3D organoids are eas-ier to scale up and more cost-efficient when compared to animal models. In the past decade, organoid technology has risen rapidly and become increas-ingly more prevalent among researchers.