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目的了解海口市学龄前儿童斜视患病率及立体视发育情况,以便对斜视及立体视异常及时治疗提供客观依据。方法对海口市3～6岁8326名儿童进行远视力、眼位、近立体视等检查,双眼视力低于1.0或眼位异常者行阿托品散瞳验光。结果斜视患病率2.0%,其中89.7%为本次普查中首次发现。内斜视患者中93.5%发生于远视眼,外斜视及垂直性斜视患者中远视眼及近视眼构成比无明显差别。立体视锐度≤60″者占72.5%,≥100″者占27.5%。双眼视力及眼位正常者立体视锐度正常率为75.5%。随着视力的下降,立体视锐度下降;随着年龄增,加视力正常儿童立体视锐度正常者也呈增加趋势。影响立体视的常见病因是屈光不正、斜视、弱视等,而以斜视性弱视影响最大。结论本次调查显示,海口市3～6岁儿童斜视患病率、立体视锐度正常率与国内他人报告一致,但漏诊漏治情况严重。
Objective To understand the prevalence and stereopsis of strabismus in preschool children in Haikou City so as to provide an objective basis for timely treatment of strabismus and stereopsis. Methods A total of 8326 children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in Haikou were examined for distance vision, near vision and stereo vision. The visual acuity of both eyes was less than 1.0 or the eye position was abnormal. Results The prevalence of strabismus was 2.0%, of which 89.7% were the first findings in this survey. 93.5% of esotropia patients in hyperopia, exotropia and vertical strabismus in patients with presbyopia and myopia constitute no significant difference. Stereoscopic sharpness ≤ 60 “accounted for 72.5%, ≥ 100” accounted for 27.5%. Binocular vision and normal eye stereopsis normal rate of 75.5%. With the decline of visual acuity, stereo acuity decreased; with age, children with normal visual acuity normal vision also showed an increasing trend. The common causes of stereopsis are refractive errors, strabismus, amblyopia, etc., and strabismic amblyopia most affected. Conclusion The survey shows that the prevalence of strabismus and stereopsis of children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in Haikou City are consistent with those reported by others in China, but the diagnosis and treatment of missed strabismus are serious.