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目的了解河源市活禽市场外环境禽流感病毒污染状况,为人感染禽流感科学防控提供依据。方法 2014-2015年对河源市4县区的26个活禽市场外环境开展监测,对标本进行A型、H5、H7、H9亚型流感RT-PCR检测,检测结果进行统计分析。结果共采集745份活禽市场环境标本,A型、H5、H7、H9亚型流感核酸阳性率分别为6.85%、2.68%、1.61%、5.64%;A型流感和H9亚型在各监测月份均有检出,最高检出率分别在2月(16.73%)和11月(16.67%);H5在4月检出率最高(4.90%),H7在2月份检出率最高(3.67%);各型别在不同月份检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。源城区禽流感及各亚型阳性检出率最高;除东源县无H7亚型检出外,其它三县区均有H7亚型检出;H5和H9亚型在各县区均有检出;不同县区之间禽流感检出率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同类型的标本中,砧板、刀具、工作台面禽流感病毒污染状况最严重,鸡粪标本检出率最低,除H7亚型之外,其它3个型别在不同类型样本的检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2014-2015年河源市活禽市场外环境禽流感病毒污染程度呈现季节性、区域性差异分布,屠宰环节相关外环境污染状况严重,应做好人禽流感的预防和应对。
Objective To understand the pollution status of avian influenza virus in the live environment of live poultry market in Heyuan City and provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of human infection of bird flu. Methods A total of 26 live poultry markets in 4 counties of Heyuan City were monitored from 2014 to 2015. The samples were tested for type A, H5, H7 and H9 subtype influenza by RT-PCR, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 745 samples of live poultry were collected. The positive rates of influenza A, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes were 6.85%, 2.68%, 1.61% and 5.64%, respectively. Influenza A and H9 subtypes were detected in each monitoring month (16.73%) and November (16.67%) respectively. H5 had the highest detection rate (4.90%) in April and H7 (3.67%) in February, ; The detection rate of different types in different months was significantly different (P <0.05). The detection rate of avian influenza and each subtypes in the source city was the highest. Except for H7 subtype detected in Dongyuan County, H7 subtype was detected in other three counties and H5 and H9 subtypes were detected in all counties There was no significant difference in the detection rate of bird flu between different counties (P <0.05). Among the different types of specimens, the infection status of the bird flu virus was the most serious on the cutting boards, knives and countertops, and the detection rate of chicken manure specimens was the lowest. The detection rates of the other three types except H7 subtype were different among different types of samples There was statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of avian influenza virus in the live environment outside the live poultry market in Heyuan Municipality from 2014 to 2015 shows a seasonal and regional difference in distribution. The external environment pollution at the slaughtering stage is serious, and the prevention and response to human bird flu should be well done.