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摘 要：十二生肖，是中国传统文化的重要部分，由12种源于自然界的动物即鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪组成，用于记年，顺序排列为子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪，在中华文化圈内被广泛使用。有诸多描写十二生肖的文学作品，也有不少关于十二生肖的成语。2012年是龙年，当我们提到龙，我们就会想到“龙凤呈祥”、“生龙活虎”等成语，下面就介绍一些与动物有关的相关成语的英语翻译。
关键词：动物；成语；英语
中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1009-0118（2012）08-0305-02
一、与“龙”有关的
龙飞凤舞 lively and vigorous flourishes in calligraphy
龙盘虎踞 a forbidding strategic point
龙凤呈祥 excellent good fortune
龙蛇混杂 good and bad people mixed up
龙潭虎穴 a danger spot
龙腾虎跃 a scene of bustling activity
龙争虎斗 a fierce struggle between well-matched opponents
龙行虎步 majestic gait; imposing air
龙吟虎啸 dragons singing and tigers roaring
生龙活虎 full of vim and vigor
二、与“狗”有关的
狗胆包天 monstrous audacity
狗急跳墙 a corned beast will do something desperate
狗屁不通 unreadable rubbish
狗咬吕洞宾 to mistake a good man as a bad man
狗眼看人低 to be damned snobbish; to act as a snob
狗頭军师 villainous adviser
狗皮膏药 quack medicine
狐群狗党 a pack of rogues
狗屁不如 worse than a cur or a swine
狗拿耗子 to poke ones nose into other peoples business
三、与“虎”有关的
虎背熊腰 tough and stocky
虎口拔牙 dare the greatest danger
虎口余生 be snatched from the jaws of death
虎里虎气 (of a young man ) strong and vigorous
虎视眈眈 eye covetously or menacingly
虎头虎脑 (of a boy) looking strong and good-natured
虎头蛇尾 a fine start and a poor finish
虎尾春冰 in a precarious position
如虎添翼 with might redoubled
谈虎色变 turn pale at the mere mention of something terrifying
四、与“鸡”有关的
鸡飞蛋打 all is lost
鸡毛蒜皮 trifles; trivialities
鸡鸣狗盗 get up to mean or petty tricks
鸡鸣犬吠 country sounds
鸡皮鹤发 advanced in age
鸡犬不宁 general turmoil
鸡犬不留 ruthless mass slaughter
闻鸡起舞 diligent and self-disciplined
鼠肚鸡肠 petty; narrow-minded
偷鸡摸狗 pilfer; (of a man ) always having affairs with women
五、与“马”有关的
马不停蹄 without a stop; nonstop
马齿徒增 grow old with nothing accomplished
马到成功 win success immediately upon arrival
马革裹尸 die on the battlefield
马路新闻 street-gossip; hearsay
马马虎虎 careless; not very good
马首是瞻 follow sb.s lead
人仰马翻 badly battered; thrown into confusion
老马识途 an old horse knows the way
千军万马 a powerful army; a mighty force
六、与“牛”有关的
牛头不对马嘴 incongruous; irrelevant
牛刀小试 a master hands first small display
牛年马月 a time that will never come
九牛二虎 tremendous effort
九牛一毛 a drop in the ocean
汗牛充栋 an immense collection of books 对牛弹琴 address the wrong audience; talk over sbs head
目无全牛 be supremely skilled
鸡口牛后 better to reign in hell than serve in heaven
如牛负重 like an ox carrying a heavy load
七、与“羊”有关的
羊质虎皮 outwardly strong, inwardly weak
羊肠小道 a narrow winding trail; a meandering footpath
羊毛出在羊身上 in the long run, whatever youre given, you pay for
挂羊头卖狗肉 try to palm off sth. inferior to what it purports to be
亡羊补牢 mend the fold after the sheep is lost
顺手牵羊 pick up sth. on the sly; walk off with sth.
歧路亡羊 go astray in a complex situation
十羊九牧 too many bosses
如狼牧羊 (of an oppressive official) ride roughshod over the people
如狼似虎 as ferocious as wolves and tigers; like cruel beasts of prey
八、与“鼠”有关的
鼠肚鸡肠 petty; narrow-minded
鼠目寸光 see only what is under ones nose; be shortsighted
鼠窃狗偷 play petty tricks on the sly
抱头鼠窜 scurry (or scamper) off like a frightened rat
洞中之鼠 bottled up; trapped
貓鼠同眠 act in collision; conspire; gang up
贼眉鼠眼 shifty-eyed; thievish-looking
过街老鼠 a person hated by people; a person of thing that provokes a hue and cry
胆小如鼠 as timid as a mouse; mouse like timidity
马捉老鼠 one is busy without useful results
九、与“兔”有关的
兔死狐悲 the fox mourns over the death of the hare—like grieves for like
兔死狗烹 the hounds are killed for food once all the hares are bagged—trusted aides are eliminated when they have outlived their usefulness
狡兔三窟 a wily hare has three burrows—a crafty person has more than one hideout
守株待兔 stand by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it—trust to chance and windfalls
兔子不吃窝边草 a rabbit doesnt eat the grass near its own hole(so that it will be protected)—a villain doesnt harm his next-door neighbors
兔子尾巴长不了 the tail of a rabbit cant be long / wont last long
十、与“猴”有关的
猴年马月 a time that will never come
猴手猴脚 be careless; not be steady
尖嘴猴腮 have a wretched appearance
杀鸡吓猴 punish someone as a warning to others
沐猴而冠 a worthless person in imposing attire
十一、与“蛇”有关的成语
蛇蝎心肠 as venomous as snakes ad scorpions
打草惊蛇 act rashly and alert the enemy
杯弓蛇影 beset with imaginary fears; extremely suspicious
画蛇添足 ruin the effect by adding sth. superfluous
笔走龙蛇 a vigorous calligraphic style
蛇无头不行 nothing can be accomplished without a leader
十二、与“猪”有关的
猪狗不如 worse than pigs or dogs
猪朋狗友 bad companions
猪羊变色 change is happening 一龙一猪 One is very capable, while the other is extremely incompetent
人怕出名猪怕壮 fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs
除了十二生肖的动物外，还有一些与其它动物相关的，例如：
十三、与“狐狸”有关的
狐假虎威 bully people by flaunting ones powerful connections
狐狸尾巴 something that gives away a persons real character or evil intentions; cloven hoof
狐群狗党 a pack of rogues; a gang of scoundrels
狐死首丘 a fox dies with its face towards its den (said of sb. longing for home or mindful of his origin)
狐貍狐搰 hesitant; indecisive
与狐谋皮 expect sb. (usu. an evil person) to act against his own interests
十四、与“狼”有关的
狼狈不堪 in an extremely awkward position; in a sorry plight
狼狈为奸 act in collusion (or cahoots) with each other
狼狈周章 terror-stricken; panic-stricken
狼奔豕突 tear about like wild beasts
狼吞虎咽 wolf down; gobble up
狼烟四起 war alarms raised everywhere
狼子野心 have a wolfish nature; be full of wild ambitions
引狼入室 open the door to an enemy
杯盘狼藉 wine cups and dishes strewn in disorder (after a feast)
声名狼藉 have a bad name; be notorious
关键词：动物；成语；英语
中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1009-0118（2012）08-0305-02
一、与“龙”有关的
龙飞凤舞 lively and vigorous flourishes in calligraphy
龙盘虎踞 a forbidding strategic point
龙凤呈祥 excellent good fortune
龙蛇混杂 good and bad people mixed up
龙潭虎穴 a danger spot
龙腾虎跃 a scene of bustling activity
龙争虎斗 a fierce struggle between well-matched opponents
龙行虎步 majestic gait; imposing air
龙吟虎啸 dragons singing and tigers roaring
生龙活虎 full of vim and vigor
二、与“狗”有关的
狗胆包天 monstrous audacity
狗急跳墙 a corned beast will do something desperate
狗屁不通 unreadable rubbish
狗咬吕洞宾 to mistake a good man as a bad man
狗眼看人低 to be damned snobbish; to act as a snob
狗頭军师 villainous adviser
狗皮膏药 quack medicine
狐群狗党 a pack of rogues
狗屁不如 worse than a cur or a swine
狗拿耗子 to poke ones nose into other peoples business
三、与“虎”有关的
虎背熊腰 tough and stocky
虎口拔牙 dare the greatest danger
虎口余生 be snatched from the jaws of death
虎里虎气 (of a young man ) strong and vigorous
虎视眈眈 eye covetously or menacingly
虎头虎脑 (of a boy) looking strong and good-natured
虎头蛇尾 a fine start and a poor finish
虎尾春冰 in a precarious position
如虎添翼 with might redoubled
谈虎色变 turn pale at the mere mention of something terrifying
四、与“鸡”有关的
鸡飞蛋打 all is lost
鸡毛蒜皮 trifles; trivialities
鸡鸣狗盗 get up to mean or petty tricks
鸡鸣犬吠 country sounds
鸡皮鹤发 advanced in age
鸡犬不宁 general turmoil
鸡犬不留 ruthless mass slaughter
闻鸡起舞 diligent and self-disciplined
鼠肚鸡肠 petty; narrow-minded
偷鸡摸狗 pilfer; (of a man ) always having affairs with women
五、与“马”有关的
马不停蹄 without a stop; nonstop
马齿徒增 grow old with nothing accomplished
马到成功 win success immediately upon arrival
马革裹尸 die on the battlefield
马路新闻 street-gossip; hearsay
马马虎虎 careless; not very good
马首是瞻 follow sb.s lead
人仰马翻 badly battered; thrown into confusion
老马识途 an old horse knows the way
千军万马 a powerful army; a mighty force
六、与“牛”有关的
牛头不对马嘴 incongruous; irrelevant
牛刀小试 a master hands first small display
牛年马月 a time that will never come
九牛二虎 tremendous effort
九牛一毛 a drop in the ocean
汗牛充栋 an immense collection of books 对牛弹琴 address the wrong audience; talk over sbs head
目无全牛 be supremely skilled
鸡口牛后 better to reign in hell than serve in heaven
如牛负重 like an ox carrying a heavy load
七、与“羊”有关的
羊质虎皮 outwardly strong, inwardly weak
羊肠小道 a narrow winding trail; a meandering footpath
羊毛出在羊身上 in the long run, whatever youre given, you pay for
挂羊头卖狗肉 try to palm off sth. inferior to what it purports to be
亡羊补牢 mend the fold after the sheep is lost
顺手牵羊 pick up sth. on the sly; walk off with sth.
歧路亡羊 go astray in a complex situation
十羊九牧 too many bosses
如狼牧羊 (of an oppressive official) ride roughshod over the people
如狼似虎 as ferocious as wolves and tigers; like cruel beasts of prey
八、与“鼠”有关的
鼠肚鸡肠 petty; narrow-minded
鼠目寸光 see only what is under ones nose; be shortsighted
鼠窃狗偷 play petty tricks on the sly
抱头鼠窜 scurry (or scamper) off like a frightened rat
洞中之鼠 bottled up; trapped
貓鼠同眠 act in collision; conspire; gang up
贼眉鼠眼 shifty-eyed; thievish-looking
过街老鼠 a person hated by people; a person of thing that provokes a hue and cry
胆小如鼠 as timid as a mouse; mouse like timidity
马捉老鼠 one is busy without useful results
九、与“兔”有关的
兔死狐悲 the fox mourns over the death of the hare—like grieves for like
兔死狗烹 the hounds are killed for food once all the hares are bagged—trusted aides are eliminated when they have outlived their usefulness
狡兔三窟 a wily hare has three burrows—a crafty person has more than one hideout
守株待兔 stand by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it—trust to chance and windfalls
兔子不吃窝边草 a rabbit doesnt eat the grass near its own hole(so that it will be protected)—a villain doesnt harm his next-door neighbors
兔子尾巴长不了 the tail of a rabbit cant be long / wont last long
十、与“猴”有关的
猴年马月 a time that will never come
猴手猴脚 be careless; not be steady
尖嘴猴腮 have a wretched appearance
杀鸡吓猴 punish someone as a warning to others
沐猴而冠 a worthless person in imposing attire
十一、与“蛇”有关的成语
蛇蝎心肠 as venomous as snakes ad scorpions
打草惊蛇 act rashly and alert the enemy
杯弓蛇影 beset with imaginary fears; extremely suspicious
画蛇添足 ruin the effect by adding sth. superfluous
笔走龙蛇 a vigorous calligraphic style
蛇无头不行 nothing can be accomplished without a leader
十二、与“猪”有关的
猪狗不如 worse than pigs or dogs
猪朋狗友 bad companions
猪羊变色 change is happening 一龙一猪 One is very capable, while the other is extremely incompetent
人怕出名猪怕壮 fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs
除了十二生肖的动物外，还有一些与其它动物相关的，例如：
十三、与“狐狸”有关的
狐假虎威 bully people by flaunting ones powerful connections
狐狸尾巴 something that gives away a persons real character or evil intentions; cloven hoof
狐群狗党 a pack of rogues; a gang of scoundrels
狐死首丘 a fox dies with its face towards its den (said of sb. longing for home or mindful of his origin)
狐貍狐搰 hesitant; indecisive
与狐谋皮 expect sb. (usu. an evil person) to act against his own interests
十四、与“狼”有关的
狼狈不堪 in an extremely awkward position; in a sorry plight
狼狈为奸 act in collusion (or cahoots) with each other
狼狈周章 terror-stricken; panic-stricken
狼奔豕突 tear about like wild beasts
狼吞虎咽 wolf down; gobble up
狼烟四起 war alarms raised everywhere
狼子野心 have a wolfish nature; be full of wild ambitions
引狼入室 open the door to an enemy
杯盘狼藉 wine cups and dishes strewn in disorder (after a feast)
声名狼藉 have a bad name; be notorious