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本文利用铝棍作为模拟材料,在模型中观测分析了平面条件下衡重式挡墙后纯松散填料的滑动网特征,以及局部荷载对滑动网出现范围的影响和规律。指出了在计算衡重台以上部分的土压力时,应当考虑土体中有所谓第二滑动面的存在。本文结合铁路路基挡墙的各种边界条件,在库伦理论的基础上并考虑到第二滑动面的存在,推导了有关计算最不利滑动面倾角及相应的最大水平土压力的公式,推导了铁路路堤墙和路肩墙等不同条件下,区分滑动面出现范围的边界方程式。这些公式亦可用于一般局部荷载下土压力的计算。
In this paper, aluminum stick is used as a simulation material, and the characteristics of the sliding mesh of the pure loose packing after the counterweight wall under the plane condition are observed and analyzed in the model, and the influence and law of the local load on the appearance range of the sliding network are analyzed. It is pointed out that the existence of the so-called second sliding surface in the soil should be taken into account when calculating the earth pressure above the counterweight. Based on the Coulomb theory and considering the existence of the second sliding surface, this paper deduces the formula for calculating the inclination of the most unfavorable sliding surface and the corresponding maximum horizontal earth pressure, and deduces the railway. Under different conditions such as embankment wall and shoulder wall, the boundary equations that distinguish the range of the sliding surface appear. These formulae can also be used for the calculation of earth pressure under general local loads.