论文部分内容阅读
小麦属的起源地,大家公认主要是地中海东岸的西亚北部诸国,即土耳其、叙利亚、伊拉克、以色列、巴勒斯坦、约旦、黎巴嫩和苏联外高加索地区(亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆和格鲁吉亚)以及伊朗、阿富汗。另外,埃塞俄比亚也是四倍小麦的重要次生起源地。一、小麦的起源演化一般认为小麦的起源演变是由二倍体种演化为四倍体种,进而演变为六倍体种。即由野生一粒小麦(AA)驯化成栽培一粒小麦(AA),同时与拟斯卑尔脱山羊草(Ae·speltoides)天然杂交,产生了野生二粒小麦(AABB);野生二粒小麦驯化为栽培二粒小麦;二粒小麦在分化出其它四倍体小麦(AABB)的同时,又与粗山羊草(DD)(Ae·tauschii,Ae·squarrosa)天然杂交,产生普通小麦组(AABBDD)。关于提莫菲维小麦的起源,一般传统观点认为是栽培一粒小麦与山羊草
The origins of the genus Triticum are generally acknowledged to be mainly the northern states of West Asia on the eastern Mediterranean coast, namely Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon and the Soviet Transcaucasia (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) and Iran and Afghanistan. In addition, Ethiopia is also an important secondary source of four times more wheat. First, the evolution of the origin of wheat It is generally believed that the evolution of the origin of wheat from diploid species evolved into tetraploid species, and then evolved into hexaploid species. That is, the domestication of a wheat (AA) to a cultivated wheat (AA) and natural crosses with Ae. Speltoides to produce wild bred wheat (AABB); wild bred wheat Domestication for the cultivation of two wheat; two wheat in the differentiation of other tetraploid wheat (AABB) at the same time, with the crude goat grass (DD) (Ae · squarrosa) natural hybrid to produce common wheat (AABBDD ). About the origin of Timofeev wheat, the traditional view that the general culture of a wheat and goat grass