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本文研究不同时间游泳训练对大鼠肝组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的影响，同时观察肝组织超微结构的变化。结果显示：实验组Ⅰ自由基产生与清除基本达到动态平衡，保证了细胞结构和功能的完整；实验组ⅡＳＯＤ活性与实验组Ⅰ相比显著升高，肝细胞内线粒体多，粗面内质网丰富，糖元多呈区域分布，膜结构完整等超微结构的适应性改变，促进了肝组织的物质和能量代谢。力竭组大鼠肝细胞中ＭＤＡ含量显著增加，ＳＯＤ活性有所下降，肝细胞内线粒体减少，内质网断裂，细胞空化，膜结构破损，大量内容物进入血窦。认为运动后自由基增多是导致细胞膜结构损伤的因素之一，肝线粒体结构和功能受损，进一步提供产生ＬＰＯ的基础，ＵＯ明显介入肝组织损伤的过程，从而引起细胞内酶外逸，所以脂质过氧化也是引起血清酶活性增高的主要原因。ＳＯＤ显著增加对防止线粒体及细胞免受自由基损伤，保证线粒体进行正常呼吸供能，进一步维持整个器官的生理功能具有重要意义。
In this paper, we studied the effects of swimming training at different times on the activities of lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue of rats, and observed the changes of liver ultrastructure. The results showed that the generation and clearance of free radicals in experimental group Ⅰ basically reached the homeostasis, which ensured the integrity of cell structure and function. The activity of SOD in experimental group Ⅱ was significantly increased compared with that in experimental group Ⅰ, and more mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum Rich, glycogen mostly showed regional distribution, the integrity of the membrane structure and other ultrastructural changes, and promote the metabolism of matter and energy in liver tissue. In the exhausted group, the content of MDA in hepatocytes increased significantly, the activity of SOD decreased, the number of mitochondria decreased, the endoplasmic reticulum was broken, the cells were cavitated and the membrane structure was damaged. It is believed that the increase of free radicals after exercise is one of the factors leading to the damage of cell membrane structure. The structure and function of liver mitochondria are impaired, further providing the basis for producing LPO. UO obviously interferes with the process of liver tissue damage, Peroxidation is also a major cause of increased serum enzyme activity. SOD significantly increased to prevent mitochondria and cells from free radical damage, to ensure normal mitochondrial respiratory energy supply, to further maintain the physiological function of the entire organ is of great significance.