恶性肿瘤的发病率目前世界上逐步有所增长,仅次于冠心病及老慢支占第三位,但随着人们对恶性肿瘤发生和发展规律不断提高,临床经验的累积和各种治疗方法的改进,近年来肿瘤的治愈率已有了极大的提高,目前有许多资料报告早期食管癌,宫颈癌,乳腺癌五年治愈率高达95%以上,而外科手术治疗是根治恶性肿瘤重要的手段之一,随着生理学,免疫学,麻醉学等有关科 The incidence of malignant tumors has gradually increased in the world, second only to coronary heart disease and old chronic bronchitis, but as people continue to improve the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, the accumulation of clinical experience and various treatment methods In recent years, the cure rate of cancer has been greatly improved. There are currently many reports that the early cure rate for esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, and breast cancer is as high as 95%, and surgical treatment is an important cure for malignant tumors. One of the means, along with physiology, immunology, anesthesiology and other related subjects