天花是一种世界性的恶性传染疾病。在天花被攻克之前,它夺走了全球几亿人的生命,是人类历史上最痛苦的记忆之一。人感染天花病毒后,轻者头痛、高热、出皮疹,预后脸上留疤,形成麻脸;重者诱发败血症、骨髓炎、脑炎等并发症,危害患者生命。我国晋代葛洪《肘后备急方》中有对天花的最早记载和描述。在长期与天花抗争的过程中,虽然一直没能发现治疗天花的良方,但从明代开始,我国医生通过接种人痘很大程度上对天花起到了预防 Smallpox is a worldwide malignant contagious disease. Before the smallpox was captured, it claimed the lives of hundreds of millions of people around the world and was one of the most painful memories in human history. People infected with smallpox virus, the light headache, fever, a rash, the prognosis of the face scar, the formation of Ma face; severe induced sepsis, osteomyelitis, encephalitis and other complications, endangering the lives of patients. Ge Hong, Jin Dynasty, “elbow backup emergency” has the earliest records and description of smallpox. In the long-term struggle against smallpox, although it has not been possible to find a cure for smallpox, starting from the Ming Dynasty, Chinese doctors prevented the smallpox to a large extent through vaccination of human pox