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词类活用,是指有些词可以按照一定的语言习惯而灵活运用,即甲类词在特定的语言环境中,临时具备了乙类词的语法特征,并进而产生某一新的意义的一类语法现象。在文言文中,名词、动词、形容词及数词的分类和特点与现代汉语基本相同,但词类活用的现象,在文言文中却比现代汉语突出得多,具体有如下几种情况。一、名词作动词用如,“孟尝君怪其疾也,衣冠而见之。”〔衣冠:穿着衣,戴着冠。
The use of parts of speech means that some words can be flexibly used according to a certain linguistic convention. That is, a class of words in a particular linguistic environment temporarily has a grammatical feature of a class B word and thus a class of grammar with a new meaning phenomenon. In classical Chinese, the classification and characteristics of nouns, verbs, adjectives and nouns are basically the same as those of modern Chinese, but the phenomenon of the use of parts of speech is much more prominent in classical Chinese than in modern Chinese. The specific situations are as follows. First, the nouns used as verbs, such as “Meng taste monarch blame disease also, the crown and see. ” [Clothing: wearing a dress, wearing a crown.