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及时判明水库土坝发生险情的性质,采取恰当有效的处理措施,对保证水库工程安全渡汛是至关重要的。一般说来,水库土坝比较常见而且最危险的险情是护坡破坏、渗透变形和坝体滑坡。一、护坡破坏土坝护坡多采用干砌石、混凝土板或浆砌石等结构。在北方,护坡破坏的主要原因有三个:一是冰推。水库冰盖水平膨胀力推挤护坡块石或混凝土板,造成块体隆起而挤压破坏。二是冻胀。因坝身靠近护坡部分土料含水量大,冬季结冻后土体膨胀,引起护坡隆起。这种现象在离冰面1.5米左右范围内的坝坡最为明显。冰冻融化后,护坡不能复原,形成架空而破坏。三是风浪淘刷。护坡遭遇风浪冲击时承受很大的浪压力,在负压的作用下,块石或混凝土重量偏小会被抽掉。如护坡下面的反滤层级配不好,层间系数过大,也
In a timely manner to identify the nature of the dam earth dam danger, to take appropriate and effective measures to ensure the safety of reservoir construction flood safety is essential. In general, the most common and dangerous dangerous conditions of dam earth dam are slope failure, infiltration deformation and dam landslide. First, the slope protection Dam embankment use dry masonry, concrete slab or mortar and other structures. In the north, there are three main reasons for the failure of slope protection: one is ice pushing. The horizontal expansive force of the ice sheet of the reservoir pushes the slope protection stone or concrete slab, causing the block to bulge and crush. Second, frost heave. Due to the dam near the slope of the soil moisture content of large, frozen soil after winter expansion, causing slope uplift. This phenomenon is most obvious in the area of about 1.5 meters from the ice surface. Frozen melting, the slope can not be restored, the formation of overhead and destroyed. Three is the storm waves brush. Slope protection when subjected to the impact of waves under great pressure, under the action of negative pressure, rock or concrete weight will be taken away. Such as slope protection below the level of anti-filtering layer is not good, too large inter-layer coefficient, also