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目的研究龙胆根际土壤真菌在不同月份、不同年限变化的特征和趋势,为寻找防治病害的有益真菌种类奠定基础。方法对辽宁省清原县英额门镇龙胆GAP基地6~9月的二年生和三年生龙胆根际土壤样品进行真菌分离、纯化及分子生物学鉴定。结果鉴定11个属,分属于28种真菌,分别为青霉属(Penicillium)9种,木霉属(Trichoderma)4种,镰刀菌属(Fusarium)4种,毛霉属(Mucor)3种,Plectosphaerella 2种,毛壳属(Chaetomium)、肉座菌属(Hypocrea)、小球腔菌属(Leptosphaeria)、Gongronella、Simplicillium和Myrmecridium各1种。结论随生长年限增加,其中真菌属增多,真菌总数增多,有益真菌总数减少,有害真菌总数增多。说明根际土壤微生物种群平衡遭到破坏,可能是植物病害原因之一。
Objective To study the characteristics and trends of changes in the gentian rhizosphere soil fungi in different months and years, and lay the foundation for the search for beneficial fungi for disease prevention and control. Methods Fungal isolation, purification and molecular biological identification of biennial and perennial gentian rhizosphere soil samples from June to September in Gentiana GAP base, Yinguemen Town, Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province were performed. Results Eleven genera were identified, belonging to 28 fungi, including 9 species of Penicillium, 4 species of Trichoderma, 4 species of Fusarium species, 3 species of Mucor species, 2 species of Plectosphaerella, 1 species of Chaetomium, Hypocrea, Leptosphaeria, Gongronella, Simplicillium and Myrmecridium. Conclusion With the increase of the growth period, the number of fungi increased, the total number of fungi increased, the total number of beneficial fungi decreased and the total number of harmful fungi increased. The rhizosphere soil microbial population balance is destroyed, may be one of the causes of plant diseases.