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采用滴定法、半中和法、p H法、电导率法、紫外分光光度法5种方法,测定了3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)和3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)两种钝感炸药的酸性解离常数p Ka,并对不同方法所测的结果进行比较和讨论。结果表明,滴定法、半中和法、紫外分光光度法3种方法适合DNP类物质的p Ka测定,实验结果基本一致,与文献值的相对误差RE<5%;滴定法、p H法更适合NTO类物质的p Ka测定,实验结果基本一致,与文献值的相对误差RE<4%。DNP的p Ka大于NTO的p Ka,即DNP比NTO的酸性弱,对设备等的腐蚀作用较小,更适宜用作熔铸炸药载体。根据这5种酸性解离常数测定方法的优缺点,讨论了测定不同性质物质的p Ka时可选用的方法。
The effects of 3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP) and 3-nitro-1,2,4 (4-dinitropyrazolone) were determined by titration method, semi-neutralization method, p H method, conductivity method and UV spectrophotometry. - triazol-5-one (NTO) two insensitive explosives acidic dissociation constant p Ka, and the results of different methods were compared and discussed. The results showed that the three methods of titration, semi-neutralization and UV-spectrophotometry were suitable for the determination of p Ka of DNP substances. The experimental results were basically consistent with RE <5% relative error of the literatures; titration, p H It is suitable for p Ka determination of NTO substances. The experimental results are basically the same, with a relative error RE <4% from the literatures. The pKa of DNP is greater than the pKa of NTO, ie, the DNP is less acidic than NTO and less corrosive to equipment and the like, and is more suitable for use as a carrier for a cast-in-charge explosive. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of these five methods for determining the acid dissociation constant, we discuss the methods that can be used to determine the p Ka of different substances.