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为了解决文山州“秋发地”植烟出现的烤烟前期生长缓慢后期徒长的问题,试验在保持施肥总量和基追肥比例(6︰4)不变的情况下,适当增加追肥次数,研究追肥次数对“秋发地”烤烟农艺性状及理化性质的影响。结果表明,随着追肥次数的增加,烤烟的农艺性状均不同程度地有所改善,表现为最大叶长、最大叶宽、节距、株高等性状均显著优于对照;烟叶烘烤后,叶长和叶宽两个指标随着追肥次数的增加而极显著加长和加宽,上部烟叶逐渐变薄,下部叶逐渐变厚;烤烟上部叶的总氮和烟碱含量逐渐降低,各部位烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量以及中部和下部烟叶的钾含量逐渐提高,显著提升了上、下部烟叶的品质。这说明在文山州“秋发地”土壤植烟,采用追肥3次的农艺措施,更加有利于烤烟生长以及烟叶内在化学物质的积累,从而生产优质的烟叶。
In order to solve the problem of slow growth at the early stage of flue-cured tobacco in Wenshan “QiuFuZi” tobacco planting, the number of top dressing should be appropriately increased while keeping the total amount of fertilizer and the ratio of top dressing to top dressing (6︰4) Effects of Dressing Times on Agronomic Traits and Physicochemical Properties of ’Qi Fa Fa Shang’ Flue - cured Tobacco. The results showed that with the increase of the number of topdressing, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco improved to some extent, which showed that the maximum leaf length, the largest leaf width, the pitch and the height of the plant were significantly better than the control; With the increase of the number of topdressing, the two indexes of length and leaf width were significantly longer and wider, the upper part of tobacco leaf became thinner and the lower part of leaf gradually became thicker. The content of total nitrogen and nicotine in the upper part of tobacco decreased gradually, The content of total sugar and reducing sugar, and the content of potassium in the middle and lower leaves increased gradually, which significantly improved the quality of upper and lower leaves. This shows that in Wenshan “Autumn hair” soil tobacco, top-dressing with three times of agronomic measures, more conducive to the growth of tobacco and tobacco accumulation of chemical substances in order to produce high-quality tobacco.