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在山东地方海港建设中,由于地基、材料和施工条件等因素所决定,码头多采用带卸荷板的重力式方块结构。一九八○年,我们结合工程实际设计和建成了一座长100米的试验性重力式浅基沉管码头。经一年多营运,情况基本正常。这种码头结构是基于一般重力式挡土墙与沉井基础的结合。以抽砂代替专用船机挖泥,以管柱代替基床抛石和底层方块,以达到简化施工、降低造价和节约能源的目的。现将码头区的自然条件、设计原则、施工工艺及经济效果等分述如下。
In Shandong local harbor construction, due to the foundation, materials and construction conditions and other factors, the terminal adopts the gravity-type square structure with unloading board. In 1980, we designed and built a 100-meter experimental gravity shallow submarine immersed tube wharf based on the actual project. After more than a year of operation, the situation is basically normal. This wharf structure is based on the combination of a general gravity retaining wall and a caisson foundation. Dredging instead of using a dedicated ship dredging machines, pipe columns instead of the riprap and the bottom of the square box, in order to simplify construction, reduce costs and save energy purposes. Now the wharf area of natural conditions, design principles, construction technology and economic effects such as the following points.