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植物的生长发育是一个极其复杂的过程。在植物的生长发育过程中,除了要求一般的大量营养物质,如水分、无机盐和有机物之外,还需要一类调节和控制生长发育的微量物质——植物激素。植物激素是植物体正常代谢的产物,其量甚微;一般约为植物鲜重的10~(-9)至10~(-7)。不同的激素常产生于植物的不同部位,并经常被运送到别的部位对生长发育产生巧妙地调节和控制作用。迄今为止,已发现并得到公认的植物激素有五类:即生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸和乙烯。这些都是由植物体自身合成的天然激素。此外,在激素研究过程中还发展了一些人工合成的生理活性物质。它们的生理生化特性与相应的植物激素有密切的关系。为了与天然激素相区别,一般把人工合成的这类物质称为生长调节剂。
Plant growth and development is an extremely complex process. In the process of plant growth and development, in addition to demanding a large number of general nutrients, such as water, inorganic salts and organic matter, but also need to regulate and control a kind of growth and development of trace substances - plant hormones. Plant hormones are the products of normal metabolism in plants, and are in very small amounts; they are usually about 10-9 (-9) to 10-7 (fresh plant weight). Different hormones often occur in different parts of the plant, and are often transported to other parts of the growth and development to produce clever regulation and control. So far, there have been five recognized and recognized plant hormones: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene. These are natural hormones synthesized by the plant itself. In addition, a number of artificially synthesized physiologically active substances have also been developed during hormone research. Their physiological and biochemical characteristics and the corresponding plant hormones are closely related. In order to distinguish from natural hormones, synthetic substances of this kind are generally referred to as growth regulators.