罗伯特·欧文是英国19世纪著名的社会主义思想家和活动家,与圣西门和傅立叶并称为三大乌托邦社会主义者。他思想的最大特点是具有浓厚的环境决定论倾向,这使得他在社会主义思想家中独树一帜。然而他的环境决定论思想与18世纪盛行的爱尔维修式的功利主义环境决定论有很大的差别。弄清这一差别正是理解欧文为什么反对资本主义而推崇社会主义的关键。櫨櫨櫨櫨櫨櫨櫨毦毦毦毦1欧文的环境决定论思想在其早年就已经形 Robert Owen was a famous 19th-century socialist thinker and activist in the United Kingdom, and Saint Simon and Fourier were also referred to as the three major Utopian socialists. The most prominent feature of his thinking is the tendency of strong environmental determinism, which made him unique among socialist thinkers. However, his environmental determinism is quite different from the Irish-type utilitarian environmental determinism that prevailed in the 18th century. To understand this difference is the key to understanding why Owen opposes capitalism and advocates socialism. The Irwin’s Environmental Determinism Thought Has Already Developed in Its Early Years