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1．前言太阳能是一种可持续利用、既清洁又到处都有的能源。到达地面的太阳能远大于人类所需的能量。虽然太阳能的能流密度低(最大约1kW/m~2),加之具有不连续及不稳定等特点,必然会较大幅度地提高太阳能装置的一次性投资,从而为其利用带来很大困难。但它具有无污染及运行费用低等特点,在矿物燃料已存量不多和环境污染日益严重之时,太阳能的研究和利用工作愈来愈受到世人的关注和重视。
1. Introduction Solar energy is a sustainable source of energy that is both clean and ubiquitous. The solar energy reaching the ground is far greater than the energy needed by mankind. Although the energy density of solar energy is low (up to about 1kW / m ~ 2), combined with the characteristics of discontinuity and instability, it is bound to greatly increase the one-time investment in solar energy installations, which brings great difficulties for its utilization . However, it has the characteristics of non-pollution and low operating cost. At the time when the fossil fuel has little stock and environmental pollution is getting worse, the research and utilization of solar energy have drawn more and more attention and attention from the world.