有史学家认为,16～17世纪欧洲普遍流行的出售头衔和官职的行为是近代一些国家增加财政收入的投机方法之一。作为税收系统之外的一种收入来源,卖官被贬损为一种财政“权宜之计”。在当时的具体情况下,出售官职对于交易各方都有利可图。根据近代对公职财物概念的理解,一个官职的市场价格应当包含卖方的收益。与该职 According to historians, the popular selling of titles and official positions in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries is one of the speculative ways in which some countries increased their fiscal revenue in modern times. As a source of revenue outside the tax system, selling officials are derogated from as a fiscal “expedient.” In the specific circumstances of the time, the sale of office is lucrative for all parties involved. According to the modern understanding of the concept of public property, the market price of an official post should include the seller’s return. With that post