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目的:分析罗甸县留守儿童预防接种现况及影响因素。方法:2012年1月至2014年7月,户籍统计新登记出生的小儿8230例,截至2014年7月,登记死亡的小儿7例。采用回顾性调查以及因素分析、整群抽样问卷调查相结合的方法进行调查,了解未能覆盖的原因。结果:婴幼儿计划免疫接种卡覆盖率为98.2%,未覆盖可能在外地接种。346例留守儿童,其中调查显示310例全覆盖,36例未能及时按照要求接种疫苗,未能完全接种的疫苗主要为麻疹、乙脑。观察组父母均外出、小儿3岁前父母外出比重低于对照组,观察组主要照料人年龄≤50岁、乡镇居住、有亲友在卫生部门上班、接受过相关健康教育、知晓接种类型与数量、有机动交通工具≥3年比重高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:留守儿童预防接种现况尚可,未能及时接种与很多因素有关,需提供信息服务,及时做好信息的更新。
Objective: To analyze the status and influence factors of vaccination among left behind children in Luodian County. Methods: From January 2012 to July 2014, 8,230 newly registered children were enrolled in household register statistics. As of July 2014, 7 children were registered dead. A retrospective survey and factor analysis, cluster sampling survey to investigate ways to understand the reasons for failure to cover. Results: The coverage rate of planned immunization card for infants and young children was 98.2%, which may not be covered in the field. Among the 346 left-behind children, 310 were fully covered and 36 were not vaccinated promptly as required. Vaccines that failed to be vaccinated were mainly measles and JE. The proportion of parents going out before 3 years old in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. The main caregivers in the observation group were aged less than 50 years old, living in the towns and townships, having relatives and friends go to work in the health department, receiving relevant health education, knowing the type and quantity of vaccination, The proportion of mobile vehicles with ≥ 3 years was higher than that of the control group, with significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: The status quo of vaccination among left behind children is acceptable. Failure to timely vaccination is related to many factors. It is necessary to provide information service and make timely updates of information.